# Synthesizing Prior Literacy Research ## expand\_more We begin, as all strong research does, with a deep understanding of what has come before. What instructional practices are associated with improved outcomes for students with word reading difficulties? What works for students with disabilities in general education classrooms? Through systematic reviews and the use meta-analytic techniques, we can uncover approaches that are most effective and the key factors that influence their impact. These findings are foundational to the design of new interventions that seek to further enhance instruction for students who most need support. ## Select Publications Synthesizing Prior Research Download 9 citations download- [BibTeX](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_research_type%5D%5B0%5D%5Btarget_id%5D=61&&&format=bibtex) - [EndNote X3 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_research_type%5D%5B0%5D%5Btarget_id%5D=61&&&format=endnote8) - [EndNote 7 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_research_type%5D%5B0%5D%5Btarget_id%5D=61&&&format=endnote7) - [Endnote tagged](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_research_type%5D%5B0%5D%5Btarget_id%5D=61&&&format=tagged) - [Marc](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_research_type%5D%5B0%5D%5Btarget_id%5D=61&&&format=marc) - [PubMedId](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_research_type%5D%5B0%5D%5Btarget_id%5D=61&&&format=pubmed_id) - [RIS](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_research_type%5D%5B0%5D%5Btarget_id%5D=61&&&format=ris) Cho, E., Reiley, S., & Capin, P. (2026). *[Best Practices for Supporting Motivation during reading Comprehension Instruction](/publication/best-practices-supporting-motivation-during-reading-comprehension-instruction)*. 115+. Cho, E., Reiley, S., & Capin, P. (2026). *[Best Practices for Supporting Motivation during reading Comprehension Instruction](/publication/best-practices-supporting-motivation-during-reading-comprehension-instruction)*. 115+. Capin, P., Vaughn, S., Hall, C., Cho, E., & Mesite, L. (2025). [Centering students with learning disabilities in intervention research: Implications for educational theory](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00461520.2025.2506991?casa_token=UljpZPHv710AAAAA:uCOK5J3nXJeCOm5IMnHRsDEbA2Gz6tRhylbs9_FccE3v6AAssa4tppMuhHaSzI45CjU9dGZlLDQJcg). *Educational Psychologist*, *60*(3), 18. (Original work published 2025) Capin, P., Vaughn, S., Hall, C., Cho, E., & Mesite, L. (2025). [Centering students with learning disabilities in intervention research: Implications for educational theory](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00461520.2025.2506991?casa_token=UljpZPHv710AAAAA:uCOK5J3nXJeCOm5IMnHRsDEbA2Gz6tRhylbs9_FccE3v6AAssa4tppMuhHaSzI45CjU9dGZlLDQJcg). *Educational Psychologist*, *60*(3), 18. (Original work published 2025) - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract The amount of time students with learning disabilities (LD) spend in general education classes has steadily increased over the past half century. This article addresses the need to investigate the impact of class-wide instructional approaches for students... Fishstrom, S., Capin, P., Bhat, B. H., Dahl-Leonard, K., Payne, B., Wang, H.-H., Dille, J., & Vaughn, S. (2025). *[A meta-analysis of the effects of academic interventions on academic and academic anxiety outcomes in secondary students](/publication/meta-analysis-effects-academic-interventions-academic-and-academic-anxiety-outcomes)*. *110*, 101433+. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2025.101433 (Original work published 2025) Fishstrom, S., Capin, P., Bhat, B. H., Dahl-Leonard, K., Payne, B., Wang, H.-H., Dille, J., & Vaughn, S. (2025). *[A meta-analysis of the effects of academic interventions on academic and academic anxiety outcomes in secondary students](/publication/meta-analysis-effects-academic-interventions-academic-and-academic-anxiety-outcomes)*. *110*, 101433+. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2025.101433 (Original work published 2025) - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022440525000068) The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the effects of academic interventions on academic achievement and academic anxiety outcomes among secondary students. A systematic search yielded 19 studies comprising 2377 participants from research... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022440525000068) Dahl-Leonard, K., Hall, C., Cho, E., Capin, P., Roberts, G. J., Kehoe, K. F., Haring, C., Peacott, D., & Demchak, A. (2025). *[Examining the Effects of Family-Implemented Literacy Interventions for School-Aged Children: A Meta-Analysis](/publication/examining-effects-family-implemented-literacy-interventions-school-aged-children-meta)*. *37*(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-09985-3 (Original work published 2025) Dahl-Leonard, K., Hall, C., Cho, E., Capin, P., Roberts, G. J., Kehoe, K. F., Haring, C., Peacott, D., & Demchak, A. (2025). *[Examining the Effects of Family-Implemented Literacy Interventions for School-Aged Children: A Meta-Analysis](/publication/examining-effects-family-implemented-literacy-interventions-school-aged-children-meta)*. *37*(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-09985-3 (Original work published 2025) - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-09985-3) There is considerable research evaluating the effects of family members implementing shared book reading interventions, especially during early childhood. However, less is known about the effects of family members providing instruction to help their... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-09985-3) Dille, J. T., Capin, P., Daniel, J., Dille, E. A., & Cahill, A. S. (2025). *[A synthesis of the effects of summer interventions on secondary students with or at-risk of reading difficulties](/publication/synthesis-effects-summer-interventions-secondary-students-or-risk-reading-difficulties)*. *Volume 10 - 2025*. Dille, J. T., Capin, P., Daniel, J., Dille, E. A., & Cahill, A. S. (2025). *[A synthesis of the effects of summer interventions on secondary students with or at-risk of reading difficulties](/publication/synthesis-effects-summer-interventions-secondary-students-or-risk-reading-difficulties)*. *Volume 10 - 2025*. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1612484) Students who are at-risk of academic underachievement demonstrate comparable academic growth to their typically developing peers during the academic school year. However, research has consistently shown that these students experience significant learning... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1612484) Capin, P., Hall, C., Stevens, E. A., Steinle, P. K., & Murray, C. S. (2024). [Evidence-Based Reading Instruction for Secondary Students With Reading Difficulties Within Multitiered Systems of Support](/publication/evidence-based-reading-instruction-secondary-students-reading-difficulties-within). *TEACHING Exceptional Children*, *56*(5), 370-385,. https://doi.org/10.1177/00400599221079643 (Original work published 2024) Capin, P., Hall, C., Stevens, E. A., Steinle, P. K., & Murray, C. S. (2024). [Evidence-Based Reading Instruction for Secondary Students With Reading Difficulties Within Multitiered Systems of Support](/publication/evidence-based-reading-instruction-secondary-students-reading-difficulties-within). *TEACHING Exceptional Children*, *56*(5), 370-385,. https://doi.org/10.1177/00400599221079643 (Original work published 2024) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1177/00400599221079643) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1177/00400599221079643) Dahl-Leonard, K., Hall, C., Capin, P., Solari, E. J., Demchak, A., & Therrien, W. J. (2023). *[Examining fidelity reporting within studies of foundational reading interventions for elementary students with or at risk for dyslexia](/publication/examining-fidelity-reporting-within-studies-foundational-reading-interventions)*. *73*(2), 288-313,. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-023-00279-3 (Original work published 2023) Dahl-Leonard, K., Hall, C., Capin, P., Solari, E. J., Demchak, A., & Therrien, W. J. (2023). *[Examining fidelity reporting within studies of foundational reading interventions for elementary students with or at risk for dyslexia](/publication/examining-fidelity-reporting-within-studies-foundational-reading-interventions)*. *73*(2), 288-313,. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-023-00279-3 (Original work published 2023) - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-023-00279-3) Early access to evidence-based reading intervention improves outcomes for students with or at risk for reading difficulties. Additionally, teacher implementation of reading interventions plays a key role in the efficacy of reading interventions. Previous... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-023-00279-3) Hall, C., Dahl-Leonard, K., Cho, E., Solari, E. J., Capin, P., Conner, C. L., Henry, A. R., Cook, L., Hayes, L., Vargas, I., Richmond, C. L., & Kehoe, K. F. (2023). [Forty Years of Reading Intervention Research for Elementary Students with or at Risk for Dyslexia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](/publication/forty-years-reading-intervention-research-elementary-students-or-risk-dyslexia). *Reading Research Quarterly*, *58*(2), 285-312,. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.477 (Original work published 2023) Hall, C., Dahl-Leonard, K., Cho, E., Solari, E. J., Capin, P., Conner, C. L., Henry, A. R., Cook, L., Hayes, L., Vargas, I., Richmond, C. L., & Kehoe, K. F. (2023). [Forty Years of Reading Intervention Research for Elementary Students with or at Risk for Dyslexia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](/publication/forty-years-reading-intervention-research-elementary-students-or-risk-dyslexia). *Reading Research Quarterly*, *58*(2), 285-312,. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.477 (Original work published 2023) - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.477) ABSTRACT This meta-analysis included experimental or quasi-experimental intervention studies conducted between 1980 and 2020 that aimed to improve reading outcomes for Grade K-5 students with or at risk for dyslexia (i.e., students with or at risk for... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.477) Cho, E., Dahl-Leonard, K., Kehoe, K., Capin, P., Hall, C., & Solari, E. (2023). [Motivational Practices in Reading Interventions for Students With or at Risk for Dyslexia: Literature Synthesis and Meta-Analysis](/publication/motivational-practices-reading-interventions-students-or-risk-dyslexia-literature). *Topics in Language Disorders*, *43*(2). Cho, E., Dahl-Leonard, K., Kehoe, K., Capin, P., Hall, C., & Solari, E. (2023). [Motivational Practices in Reading Interventions for Students With or at Risk for Dyslexia: Literature Synthesis and Meta-Analysis](/publication/motivational-practices-reading-interventions-students-or-risk-dyslexia-literature). *Topics in Language Disorders*, *43*(2). - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://journals.lww.com/topicsinlanguagedisorders/fulltext/2023/04000/motivational_practices_in_reading_interventions.4.aspx) The purposes of this study were to (a) describe the extent to which motivational practices are incorporated in foundational reading interventions for students with or at risk for dyslexia in kindergarten through Grade 5 (K–5) and (b) explore whether the... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://journals.lww.com/topicsinlanguagedisorders/fulltext/2023/04000/motivational_practices_in_reading_interventions.4.aspx)